System dynamics is a computer modeling technique that has its origins in mathematical control theory, cybernetics, computer science, and economics. It is used to build simulation models of systems that are experiencing problems and/or exhibiting behaviors that are not well understood. The completed models are used as "laboratories" for testing policy changes aimed at improving system behavior.

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Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) theory is a powerful and flexible decision making process to help set priorities and make the best decision when both qualitative and quantitative aspects of a decision need to be considered. It involves building a hierarchy (ranking) of decision elements and then making comparisons between each possible pair in each cluster.

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A complex system is any system featuring a large number of interacting components (agents, processes, etc.) whose aggregate activity is nonlinear (not derivable from the summations of the activity of individual components) and typically exhibits hierarchical self-organization under selective pressures. In comparison to mathematical modeling of systems, agent-based simulation techniques enable to uncover general patterns of non-linear interaction and behavior which are more useful for holistic and strategic problem analysis.

Statistical analysis and modeling involves the appropriate application of statistical analysis techniques, each requiring certain assumptions be met, to perform hypothesis tests, interpret the data, and reach valid conclusions. To be credible, results from experimentation or testing must be obtained following established statistical procedures, including experimental design and the appropriate use of statistical analysis and modeling techniques.

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